Co-creation and user innovation: The role of online 3D printing platforms

The aim of this article is to investigate the changes brought about by online 3D printing platforms in co-creation and user innovation. As doing so requires a thorough understanding of the level of user involvement in productive processes and a clear view of the nature of co-creative processes, this article provides a ‘prosumption’ framework and a typology of co-creation activities. Then, based on case studies of 22 online 3D printing platforms, a service-based taxonomy of these platforms is constructed. The taxonomy and typology are then matched to investigate the role played by online 3D platforms in regard to the various types of co-creation activities and, consequently, how this impacts user innovation

360° business model innovation: Toward an integrated view of business model innovation

OVERVIEW: Business model innovation has arguably become a critical way to innovate, but its success factors are poorly understood. A lack of tools allowing the examination of business models in their entirety combined with the complex relationship between business model changes and market outcomes makes this especially difficult. This article introduces a comprehensive framework that addresses these two issues, by providing an integrated, value-based view of all of the critical components of the business model. The framework is applied to two well-known cases - Netflix and Spotify - to demonstrate how the tool can be used to highlight the critical differences in business models that may at first seem very similar and show how the framework enables managers to envisage the dynamics of business model innovation

Involving Consumers: The Role of Digital Technologies in Promoting 'Prosumption' and User Innovation

Since the First Industrial Revolution, consumers have been mainly considered as playing a passive role with regard to production. However, the recent decades have seen a progressive growth in consumer involvement in production processes, for instance, in the form of user innovation, DIY and mass customisation. Yet, it was not until the advent of digital technologies that consumers’ input in production processes could become really significant in all dimensions of production (design, manufacturing and distribution). This increased (sometimes leading) role of consumers in production has been referred to as ‘prosumption’. While prosumption has so far been mainly significant online (where consumers have arguably taken over the creation and distribution of content), recent advances in digital technologies (mobile networks, 3D printing) have enabled prosumption to reach to world of physical objects, as illustrated by the increased importance of consumer-made goods (‘makers’ movement) and of the ‘sharing economy’. Although prosumption can be highly disruptive to markets, there has not been so far a thorough investigation of the nature of this phenomenon. Yet, understanding this nature is critical to apprehend disruptions. Furthermore, while digital technologies have been acknowledged as a key factor in the rise of prosumption, the exact role of each set of technologies has not yet been studied, which is a problem, as different technologies enable different types of prosumption. The aim of this article is to fill these two gaps. To do so, a framework of prosumption, which encompasses both inputs and outputs of consumer contribution, is introduced. This framework is then applied to multiple case studies, which enables to show how prosumption has evolved and what changes lie ahead

Pricing music using personal data: mutually advantageous first-degree price discrimination

In addition to customized products and services, personal data also enables personalized pricing. However, consumers are often unwilling to accept being price discriminated for fear that they would end up paying more for the same product or service. This article demonstrates that by rewarding consumers for disclosing personal information it is possible to achieve a situation where first-degree price discrimination is mutually advantageous and both buyers and sellers gain by adopting such a pricing model. The conditions required for this to happen are investigated and the impact on social welfare is discussed. Finally, the article considers the robustness of this model when consumers adopt an opportunistic behavior which consists in manipulating personal data in order to masquerade as a consumer with a lower willingness to pay

Распространенность заболеваний и патологических состояний у молодых людей до 45 лет с абдоминальным ожирением в Сибири

Aim. To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).Results. The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development.Conclusion. Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions. Цель – изучение распространенности абдоминального ожирения (АО) в популяции молодых людей 25– 44 лет г. Новосибирска, а также распространенности терапевтических заболеваний и патологических состояний у лиц с АО.Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное популяционное обследование населения 25–44 лет г. Новосибирска. На скрининге обследованы 1 415 человек, из них 670 мужчин (47,3%) и 745 женщин (52,7%). Беременные и женщины в декретном отпуске не включались в исследование. У обследуемых оценивалось наличие таких заболеваний и патологических состояний, как АО, артериальная гипертензия (АГ), повышенный индекс массы тела, ишемическая болезнь сердца (по валидизированным эпидемиологическим и функциональным критериям с расшифровкой электрокардиограммы по Миннесотскому коду), сахарный диабет (СД), сниженная скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ), хронический бронхит (ХБ), повышенный уровень в крови общего ХС (гиперХСемия), повышенный уровень в крови ХС-ЛНП (гиперХС-ЛНПемия).Результаты. Распространенность АО в популяции 25–44 лет г. Новосибирска составила 42,4%, у мужчин – 42,7%, у женщин – 42,1%. Обнаружено, что в молодой популяции до 45 лет АО оказывает прямое влияние на развитие АГ (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,550, 95%-й доверительный интервал (95%-й ДИ) 1,899–3,422, р = 0,0001), ХБ (ОШ = 1,830, 95%-й ДИ 1,326–2,527, р = 0,0001), гиперХСемии (ОШ = 1,486, 95%-й ДИ 1,193–1,851, р = 0,0001), гипер-ХС-ЛНПемии (ОШ = 1,527, 95%-й ДИ 1,222–1,907, р = 0,0001), обратное влияние на развитие сниженной СКФ (ОШ = 0,603, 95%-й ДИ 0,427–0,852, р = 0,004). В мужской популяции до 45 лет АО оказывает прямое влияние на развитие АГ, ХБ, гиперХСемии, гипер-ХС-ЛНПемии. В женской популяции до 45 лет АО оказывает прямое влияние на развитие СД, АГ, ХБ, гипер-ХС-ЛНПемии, и обратное – на развитие сниженной СКФ.Заключение. Таким образом, в популяции до 45 лет абдоминальное ожирение ассоциировано с развитием распространенных терапевтических заболеваний и патологических состояний.

Content analysis of IC disclosures among our 15 sample companies in the UK

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